Infant mortality rate (deaths under 1 year per 1 000 live births)

DefinitionThe number of children less than one year old who die in a year, per 1 000 live births during that year.
Keywords
Indicator Type: -> Health Status -> Mortality -> Child mortality and related

[Related Resources]

Indicator Data
View by [Ethnic] [Geographic (SA provinces)] [International]

ECFSGPKZNLPMPNCNWWCZA
Infant mortality rate (deaths under 1 year per 1 000 live births) [Definition]
1980 Inter-agency group (2010)---------[1] 68.1
1990 Inter-agency group (2010)---------[2] 48.0
1990 MDG---------[3] 45.0
1997 VR adjusted---------[4] 46.6
1998 SADHS61.236.836.352.137.247.341.836.88.4[5] 45.4
1998 SADHS revised61.253.036.352.137.247.341.842.030.0[6] 45.0
1998 SADHS rural---------[7] 52.2
1998 SADHS urban---------[8] 32.6
1998 VR adjusted---------[9] 52.7
1998 highest asset quintile---------[10] 17.0
1998 lowest asset quintile---------[11] 61.6
1999 VR adjusted---------[12] 51.1
2000 BoD70.961.844.468.451.658.946.455.231.7[13] 59.1
2000 Inter-agency group (2010)---------[14] 54.3
2000 VR adjusted---------[15] 49.9
2001 StatsSA---------[16] 53.3
2001 VR adjusted---------[17] 49.0
2002 72.063.046.068.053.059.046.056.030.0[18] 59.0
2002 StatsSA---------[19] 53.0
2002 VR adjusted---------[20] 50.1
2003 SADHS68.348.133.530.434.140.528.761.943.5[21] 42.5
2003 StatsSA---------[22] 52.4
2003 VR adjusted---------[23] 51.2
2004 ASSA2002---------[24] 56.0
2004 StatsSA---------[25] 51.4
2004 VR adjusted---------[26] 49.0
2005 ASSA200862.257.234.261.738.655.831.444.424.5[27] 47.1
2005 StatsSA---------[28] 50.0
2005 VR adjusted---------[29] 49.5
2006 ASSA200362.058.037.062.037.053.034.044.026.0[30] 48.0
2006 ASSA200860.154.032.957.837.351.928.541.222.9[31] 44.6
2006 StatsSA---------[32] 46.8
2006 VR adjusted---------[33] 50.0
2007 ASSA200360.356.035.360.036.250.833.442.625.3[34] 46.1
2007 ASSA200856.550.932.355.233.650.030.534.321.5[35] 42.0
2007 StatsSA---------[36] 45.1
2007 VR adjusted---------[37] 48.6
2008 ASSA200358.854.133.458.035.248.932.541.524.4[38] 44.6
2008 ASSA200853.347.327.549.529.945.427.532.420.5[39] 37.8
2008 StatsSA---------[40] 42.1
2009 ASSA200357.752.632.056.534.547.531.740.623.6[41] 43.4
2009 ASSA200850.043.725.345.328.341.426.930.820.1[42] 35.2
2009 Inter-agency group (2010)---------[43] 43.0
2009 StatsSA---------[44] 40.6
2010 ASSA200357.151.931.655.834.146.930.940.122.9[45] 42.8
2010 ASSA200847.941.925.244.028.238.926.330.719.7[46] 34.5
2010 Inter-agency group (2011)---------[47] 40.7
2010 StatsSA---------[48] 39.1
2011 ASSA200846.540.724.743.127.737.525.530.119.0[49] 33.8
2011 StatsSA---------[50] 37.9
2012 ASSA200845.439.824.342.427.236.424.829.618.3[51] 33.2
2013 ASSA200844.439.123.841.726.735.624.129.117.7[52] 32.5
2014 ASSA200843.638.523.440.926.235.023.528.517.1[53] 31.9
2015 ASSA200842.837.822.940.325.834.322.928.016.5[54] 31.3
EC: Eastern Cape  FS: Free State  GP: Gauteng  KZN: KwaZulu-Natal  LP: Limpopo  MP: Mpumalanga  NC: Northern Cape  NW: North West  WC: Western Cape  ZA: South Africa  

Notes and References

  1. Child Mortality 2010 IGME: You D, Jones G, Wardlaw T. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2010. UNICEF; 2010. http://www.childmortality.org/
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/IGME/Child_Mortality_Report_2010.pdf
    Obtained from online tool, using standard settings - 2010-09-21.
  2. Child Mortality 2010 IGME: You D, Jones G, Wardlaw T. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2010. UNICEF; 2010. http://www.childmortality.org/
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/IGME/Child_Mortality_Report_2010.pdf
  3. Millennium Development Goals: United Nations Development Programme Millennium Development Goals web site. Range of documents and reports relating to the MDGs. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/
    Local copy: -
    Downloaded 2006-07-08.
  4. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  5. SADHS 1998: Department of Health, Medical Research Council & Measure DHS+. South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 1998, Full Report. Pretoria: National Department of Health; 2002. http://www.doh.gov.za/facts/1998/sadhs98/
    Local copy: /indicators/SADHS_1998_Full.pdf
  6. SAHR 2000 Ch4: Bradshaw D, Masiteng K, Nannan N. Health Status and Determinants. In: Ntuli A, Crisp N, Clarke E, Barron P, editors. South African Health Review 2000. Durban: Health Systems Trust; 2001. http://www.hst.org.za/publications/404
    Local copy: /indicators/
    Comparison of the provincial estimates from different sources revealed that the SADHS 1998 estimates for three provinces required some adjustment. Table 4 pg 99.
  7. SADHS 1998: Department of Health, Medical Research Council & Measure DHS+. South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 1998, Full Report. Pretoria: National Department of Health; 2002. http://www.doh.gov.za/facts/1998/sadhs98/
    Local copy: /indicators/SADHS_1998_Full.pdf
    pg 7
  8. SADHS 1998: Department of Health, Medical Research Council & Measure DHS+. South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 1998, Full Report. Pretoria: National Department of Health; 2002. http://www.doh.gov.za/facts/1998/sadhs98/
    Local copy: /indicators/SADHS_1998_Full.pdf
    pg 7
  9. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  10. World Development Report 2006: World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development. The World Bank; 2005. http://www.worldbank.org/
    Local copy: /indicators/GlobalReports/World_Development_2006.pdf
  11. World Development Report 2006: World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development. The World Bank; 2005. http://www.worldbank.org/
    Local copy: /indicators/GlobalReports/World_Development_2006.pdf
  12. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  13. Burden of Disease Prov 2000: Bradshaw D, Nannan N, Laubscher R, Groenewald P, Joubert J, Nojilana B, et al. South African National Burden of Disease Study 2000: Estimates of Provincial Mortality. Cape Town: Medical Research Council; 2004. http://www.mrc.ac.za/bod/estimates.htm
    Local copy: -
  14. Child Mortality 2010 IGME: You D, Jones G, Wardlaw T. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2010. UNICEF; 2010. http://www.childmortality.org/
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/IGME/Child_Mortality_Report_2010.pdf
    Obtained from online tool, using standard settings - 2010-09-21.
  15. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  16. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  17. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  18. HIV Indicators 2002: Dorrington RE, Bradshaw D, Budlender D. HIV/AIDS profile of the provinces of South Africa indicators for 2002. Centre for Actuarial Research, Medical Research Council, Actuarial Society of South Africa; 2002. http://www.mrc.ac.za/bod/AIDSindicators2002.pdf AIDSIndicators2002.pdf
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/HIVIndicators_2002.pdf
    The model does not fit Limpopo Province very well and as a result probably overstates the impact of the epidemic.
  19. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  20. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  21. SADHS 2003 (Preliminary): South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2003. Preliminary Report. Pretoria: National Department of Health; 2004. http://www.doh.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/SADHS_2003.pdf
    The estimates of child mortality rates from the SADHS are considered to be implausibly low. Bradshaw D, Dorrington R. Child mortality in South Africa – we have lost touch. S Afr Med J 2007; 97(8): 582-3.
  22. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  23. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  24. HIV Indicators 2004: Dorrington R, Bradshaw D, Johnson L, Budlender D. The Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: National Indicators for 2004. Cape Town: Centre for Actuarial Research, South African Medical Research Council, Actuarial Society of SA; 2004. http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/care/ ISBN: 1-920015-17-5
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/HIVIndicators_2004.pdf
  25. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  26. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  27. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  28. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  29. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  30. ASSA2003: ASSA2003 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2006 Jun 19]. http://www.actuarialsociety.co.za/aids/
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2003ProvOutput_051129.zip
    Downloaded 2006-06-19
  31. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  32. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  33. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  34. ASSA2003: ASSA2003 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2006 Jun 19]. http://www.actuarialsociety.co.za/aids/
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2003ProvOutput_051129.zip
    Downloaded 2006-06-19
  35. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  36. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  37. U5MR and IMR 2010 SA: Estimates of Under-5 and Infant Mortality Rates in South Africa. MRC Burden of Disease Research Unit; Oct 2010. Unpublished.
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/Child_mortality_SA/Memo_to_DOH_child_mortality.pdf
    Calculated by applying the completeness adjustment implied by Darikwa to vital registration data. Darikwa TB. Estimating the level and trends of child mortality in South Africa, 1996-2006. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Commerce University of Cape Town; 2009.
  38. ASSA2003: ASSA2003 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2006 Jun 19]. http://www.actuarialsociety.co.za/aids/
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2003ProvOutput_051129.zip
  39. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  40. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  41. ASSA2003: ASSA2003 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2006 Jun 19]. http://www.actuarialsociety.co.za/aids/
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2003ProvOutput_051129.zip
  42. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  43. Child Mortality 2010 IGME: You D, Jones G, Wardlaw T. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2010. UNICEF; 2010. http://www.childmortality.org/
    Local copy: /indicators/ChildHealth/IGME/Child_Mortality_Report_2010.pdf
  44. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  45. ASSA2003: ASSA2003 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2006 Jun 19]. http://www.actuarialsociety.co.za/aids/
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2003ProvOutput_051129.zip
  46. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  47. Child Mortality 2011 IGME: You D, Jones G, Wardlaw T. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2011. UNICEF; 2011. http://www.childmortality.org/
    Local copy: -
    Obtained from online tool, using standard settings - 2011-09-17.
  48. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  49. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  50. StatsSA Mid-year Estimates: Statistics South Africa: Statistical release P0302 Mid-year estimates. (various years) http://www.statssa.gov.za/
    Local copy: /indicators/StatsSA/
    2011 mid-year estimates. IMR assumption used in population projections.
  51. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  52. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  53. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip
  54. ASSA2008: ASSA2008 Model: ProvOutput. AIDS and Demographic Model. AIDS Committee of Actuarial Society of South Africa. [cited 2011 Mar 11]. http://aids.actuarialsociety.org.za/ASSA2008-Model-3480.htm
    Local copy: /indicators/HIV_AIDS/ASSA2008_ProvOutput_110216.zip