Cervical Cancer and HIV: The intimate connection

Since 1997, over 33 000 women have died of cervical cancer in South Africa. This translates into roughly 3 000 per year. In addition, approximately 7000 women develop the disease every year. In 2000, a national cervical cancer screening policy was developed and put into place. The system uses a screening method to prevent the precancerous lesions from developing into cervical cancer through early detection and treatment. Screening takes place through pap smears with three free pap smears being offered to women in the public service at the ages of 30, 40 and 50. This policy was viewed as the most rational approach to ensure widest coverage to all women in South Africa. Statistics suggest since its implementation, less than 20% of women have used this service.At present, there are approximately, 5.7 million people living with HIVAIDS in South Africa, of which 60% are women. Researchers have identified an increase in morbidity and mortality due to the cancer of the cervix which has been associated with the emergence of HIV/AIDS. Cervical cancer is now regarded as an AIDS defining illness. As the national cervical cancer screening policy was established before the link between cervical cancer and HIV and AIDS was firmly established, there is currently a gap in the cervical screening policy. While the need for cervical cancer services is addressed in the HIV/AIDS/STI National Strategic Plan, it is not clearly articulated or completely integrated within the broad range of services that would constitute an effective response to these twin diseases.