| By Siyabonga Gema (HST Communications Officer)
As Cervical Cancer Awareness Month concluded, the Health Systems Trust (HST's) Cervical Cancer Prevention, Access and Control (CCPAC) project embarked on a community awareness and outreach programme in Zululand District and attended the Annual Thusong Service Centre Week organised by the uPhongolo Municipality. This event offered the CCPAC team the perfect opportunity to engage with the local community and render screening and testing services on-site. Funded by the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, CCPAC project is being conducted by HST in Zululand District, KwaZulu-Natal, under the auspices of a consortium comprising HST, the Zululand Department of Health (ZDoH), the Cancer & Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU) of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), and Genius Quality (GQ). Research conducted by Godfrey at al., which focused on Rural Zulu women's knowledge of and attitudes towards Pap smears and adherence to cervical screening revealed that cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in black women in South Africa and has almost a 60% mortality rate. However, adherence to cervical screening programmes of black women living in rural South Africa is not universal. The CCPAC project aims to bridge the gap that hinders access to cervical cancer prevention services. 
 Sr. Khumalo sharing information on the signs of Cervical Cancer with a patient
Nurse Clinician for the CCPAC project in Zululand, Sr. Mmama Khumalo, says that one of the biggest challenges is the lack of readily available information on what cervical cancer is, it's signs and symptoms as well as the prevention services available at public health facilities. As a result, the CCPAC team comprises of various role players including Driver Mobilisers who are the 'foot soldiers' – disseminating information and mobilising the community. "Our people are not yet completely aware of the dangers of cervical cancer, especially the older generation, so it's important that as we render services to them, we also educate them. This way, they will also spread the word,'' says Sr. Khumalo. Local authorities also play a major role in sharing information, which is why the CCPAC team have partnered with the local traditional councils and other recognised structures who operate within the communities serviced by HST. As part of the CCPAC project, patients who have undergone tests and are deemed at-risk, or those who present with signs of illnesses linked to cervical cancer are registered and transferred to the project's dedicated Medical Officer for further observation. Sr. Khumalo adds: "We are fortunate that we have a holistic approach, meaning that once a patient has been identified as at-risk, we immediately refer her to our Medical Officer, Dr Shabalala. Also, if there are any psycho-social matters, we do have a team who assists in that regard.'' 
 CCPAC Medical Officer, Dr Shabalala poses next to one of the CCPAC community outreach buses
Dr. Shabalala, the CCPAC Medical Officer, commented on the linkages of care and collaboration within the CCPAC team. "We work with a diverse team, and it takes communication and building relationships with the team to ensure that we work cohesively and avoid problems. Within the first month, I was already able to work comfortably with the team and the rest of the stakeholders." Dr. Shabalala adds that for this project to continue successfully servicing the rural community of Zululand, building trust is vital: "On my own in personal first encounters with our patients, they see a very young person, but once you start explaining to them that you are here to help them, it puts them at ease. At times, a patient's lack of trust stems from previous bad experiences with other health professionals, but once they see that you are different, they do seem to open up and trust you more. Remember, issues of this nature are highly delicate so its highly important to build that level of trust.'' The CCPAC project is currently rolling out community awareness programmes, including engaging the community in radio interviews on two of the biggest community radio stations in Zululand; Nongoma FM and Rise FM. Look out for information and timeslots of the interviews so you can tune in and learn more about the CCPAC project.
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| by Roma Ramphal Health Systems Trust Pharmacist/Differentiated Care Manager: KwaZulu-Natal
Pharmacists as first-line support in patient care Pharmacists often serve as the most accessible healthcare professionals for many people. In community settings, they are the first point of contact for patients seeking advice on minor ailments, medication queries, or general health concerns. Their proximity to the community makes them essential in ensuring the safe and effective use of medications, particularly in managing complex drug regimens for chronic diseases. With their expertise, pharmacists can counsel patients on medication adherence, drug interactions, and side-effects, helping to prevent complications and hospitalisations. Beyond dispensing medication, pharmacists administer vaccinations, conduct health screenings, and provide patient education on managing chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and asthma. In this way, pharmacists are frontline advocates for wellness and play a pivotal role in early intervention, preventing the progression of diseases, and supporting long-term health outcomes. The multitude of roles available to pharmacists The field of pharmacy today offers numerous career paths, each contributing to health care in unique and impactful ways. Pharmacists now work across various sectors, influencing everything from policy development to cutting-edge research and development: Pharmaco-economists: Pharmacists in this role analyse the cost-effectiveness of drug therapies, contributing to health policy decisions and helping to ensure that healthcare resources are used efficiently to maximise patient outcomes. Pharmaceutical Project Managers: These professionals lead initiatives within the pharmaceutical industry, overseeing projects related to drug development, regulatory compliance, and public health programmes. Their work ensures that life-saving medications reach patients in a timeous and efficient manner. Pharmaceutical Engineers: These pharmacists focus on the design and production of pharmaceutical products, working on improving drug formulations, manufacturing processes, and packaging to enhance medication safety and effectiveness. Clinical Pharmacists: Working alongside doctors and nurses in hospitals, clinical pharmacists are essential in optimising drug therapy for patients, particularly in critical care settings. They ensure that medications are tailored to the individual's needs, closely monitoring outcomes and adjusting therapies as needed. Regulatory Pharmacists: Being involved in ensuring that drugs meet safety, efficacy and quality standards, regulatory pharmacists play a critical role in approving medications for public use. Their work ensures that new treatments adhere to stringent safety guidelines before they are made available to the public. Research Pharmacists: Engaged in clinical trials and drug research, these pharmacists contribute to the development of new therapies, working at the cutting edge of pharmaceutical science to bring innovative solutions to the market. Public Health Pharmacists: With a focus on population health, these professionals design and implement health initiatives such as vaccination programmes or medication distribution networks. They also advocate for policies that improve access to essential medicines, particularly in underserved communities. Pharmacists as change agents and advocates for long-term health Pharmacists play an essential role as change agents, advocating for better patient outcomes, safer medication practices, and more efficient healthcare systems. They are champions of preventive care, encouraging patients to be vaccinated, promoting adherence to chronic disease medications, and supporting lifestyle changes that enhance long-term wellness. One of the most critical aspects of their role is fostering long-term adherence to medication, particularly for chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and HIV. By building relationships with patients, pharmacists are trusted advisors who support patients in navigating complex treatment plans and maintaining the motivation necessary to stay on track. This not only improves individual health outcomes, but also strengthens the overall health system by reducing the burden on hospitals and clinics. On World Pharmacists Day, let us recognise the vital role that these professionals play in health care and celebrate the diversity of career opportunities available in pharmacy today. Whether acting as first-line supporters in community settings or leading ground-breaking projects in pharmaceutical engineering, pharmacists are key players in the healthcare ecosystem – committed to advancing public health and enhancing the quality of life for patients worldwide. Happy Pharmacy Month to all pharmacists and pharmacy support personnel! Your commitment to improving health care and patient outcomes is invaluable, and this month is dedicated to celebrating your crucial role in our communities.
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|
 Team HST@Work
The 82nd FIP World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences took place at the Cape Town ICC this year, from 1 to 4 September, under the theme 'Innovating for the future of healthcare'. This global congress attracted more than 3 350 attendees from 97 countries, and allowed Pharmacy professionals to connect, exchange ideas and engage in stimulating conversations that will undoubtedly usher in new possibilities for Pharmacy globally. The Health Systems Trust (HST) is proud to have been a part of this global showpiece where we showcased our work and participated in a poster presentation. We are extremely proud of the HST team who represented us and pulled off such a successful exhibition. The HST team comprised of a variety of expertise, including our Communications and Pharmacy colleagues. Throughout the conference, the exhibition team engaged with delegates – many of whom were hearing about us for the very first time, and shared information on our different programmes and the work we do in partnership with the Department of Health (DoH).  ![]()
HST's Director for Health Systems Strengthening, Ronel Visser showing off our Mobile Pick Up Point
HST's Director for Health Systems Strengthening, Ronel Visser, who was instrumental in us being at the congress, was also hands-on throughout. Other HST pharmacists who were actively engaged at the conference were Dr Vishen Jugathphal and Neeran "Max" Jooste.  
The HST team was honoured to have Minister of Health Dr Aaron Motsoaledi visit the stand
Amongst the highlights of the Congress was the honour of hosting the Minister of Health, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi, at our stand. The Minister was accompanied by other DoH officials and stopped to greet and chat with the HST team at the exhibition stand, followed by a picture before he departed. Our ongoing working relationship with the DoH continues to grow from strength to strength as is evident in the many areas where we support the government's health programmes.
   
The HST exhibition team interacting with conference delegates As part of the conference, HST showcased the mobile pick-up point and the Pelebox. These two programmes fit perfectly under the conference theme of innovation. Our Pharmacy teams demonstrated how the mobile pick-up point operates, sharing information on which areas it currently services and even offering clients an opportunity to enter the bus. The Pelebox also attracted much attention, particularly the demonstrations, where a few lucky people walked away with special prizes. We were fortunate enough to have the award-winning inventor or the Pelebox, Neo Hutiri, with us at the congress.
   
Excitement as they received their lucky prizes inside the Pelebox 
Technovera CEO and Pelebox inventor, Noe Hutiri engaging a delegate ahead of a demonstration
Roma Ramphal, our DMOC presented her poster on 'Revolutionalising chronic medicine access: Mobile Pick Up Points in KwaZulu-Natal'. Roma's abstract was amongst the 49 selected abstracts from submitted abstracts, and her poster amongst the 701 posters displayed. HST's CEO, Dr Themba Moeti shared a message of support to Roma prior to her presentation: "congratulations Roma on having your poster accepted for the 2024 FIP World Congress, and all the best with your presentation this afternoon! Thanks for flying the HST flag high!"
Commenting on her experience at the conference, Roma said: "One of the personal highlights was presenting my poster on Revolutionising Medicine Access, which showcased the exciting work we've been driving at HST. This project, which I have had the honour of leading, has focused on innovative approaches to improving medicine accessibility for patients, with a focus on sustainable and patient-centred healthcare. It was incredibly fulfilling to share this impactful work with an international audience, and the positive feedback and encouragement I received were truly rewarding. Being part of such an esteemed platform underscored the importance of collaboration, and I'm deeply grateful to HST and FIP for creating this opportunity.'' A proud Roma poses next her poster at the conference
Our HST Pharmacists had this to say about their experience at the conference:
''The most enjoyable aspect of being exhibitor at the 82nd FIP World Congress of Pharmacy in Cape Town in my experience, was getting to showcase our innovations and having face to face interactions with delegates. It was great to see people's curiosity about our mobile (PuP) van; almost all the provinces in South Africa were interested in this innovation. It was clear that this ground-breaking technology, which allows patients to obtain their chronic medication without inconvenience of lengthy lines, will significantly simplify their lives.'' – Vusi Cele, HST Pharmacy Driver Mobiliser ''Attending the globally recognised FIP World Congress of Pharmacy was a great experience. It has offered a dialogue engagement with international stakeholders operating at different sectors within the Pharmacy field. It also provided me with a wealth of knowledge knowing how other countries or provinces are operating, exchanging ideas, and sharing of their best practices and challenges.'' – Thandeka Mzulwini, HST Pharmacist   HST's Pharmacy team who did an excellent job at the conference
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| By Willemien Jansen (Health Systems Trust Copy and Content Editor)
National Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Day is celebrated on 14 September in South Africa. The aim of this day is to create awareness and spread information about this often misunderstood disorder.
What is ADHD? ADHD is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders mainly considered in children, but it can persist throughout adolescence and adulthood. Hyperactivity, or excessive activity, trouble focusing and paying attention, and trouble managing behaviour are some symptoms. A child with ADHD may find it challenging to do duties at home, get along with other kids or adults, or succeed in school as a result of these symptoms. People with ADHD may also struggle with working memory, attention span maintenance, and executive function—the brain's capacity to start an activity, organise itself, and complete tasks. There are three different presentations of ADHD, namely: It's important to note that a person can change presentations during the course of their life.
Common symptoms of ADHD According to Masiviwe, some common symptoms of ADHD are: Inattention: Having difficulty with details and making careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities. Finding it hard to stay focused on tasks, especially those that are less enjoyable or repetitive. Difficulty with organising. Frequently losing or misplacing things.
Hyperactivity:
Difficulty in keeping still or staying seated, even when it's expected (like in the classroom or at work). Excessive talking or interrupting others during conversations or activities.
Impulsivity:
Masiviwe also provides some strategies on how to manage symptoms.
A misunderstood condition ADHD is misunderstood for a number of reasons. People don't fully understand this disorder and children displaying them might be labelled as 'unruly' and 'naughty', when really they are struggling with a complicated brain disorder. ADHD can also manifest differently in different individuals. Some struggle more with symptoms of attention deficit while others struggle more with hyperactivity. There is a lot of stigma and misconceptions surrounding ADHD. People are often labelled as 'lazy' rather than recognising that they have a neurological condition. This keeps people from seeking the help they need and has a big impact on the sufferer's self-esteem. ADHD symptoms also overlap with other medical conditions like anxiety, depression and learning disabilities, which makes it harder to diagnose.
ADHD is not only a disorder in childhood For many years ADHD was seen as a childhood disorder. This meant that adolescents and adults who struggled with the disorder were not diagnosed and suffered in silence. According to an article by the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) "this changed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Adolescents and adults can now officially be diagnosed with ADHD. The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 mentions and gives examples of how the disorder presents in adolescents and adults (aged 17 and older)." Instead of going all the way back to the patient's early years (age 7), clinicians now consider the patient's middle childhood (age 12) and adolescence when diagnosing an adult with ADHD.
How do I get diagnosed with ADHD? In an article published by Mediclinic, Dr Rykie Liebenberg, a Mediclinic Sandton psychiatrist with a special interest in ADHD and anxiety disorders, explains that a diagnosis is clinical, which means it needs to be made by a specialist psychiatrist or another healthcare professional with expertise in the diagnosis of ADHD, "No computer tests, neuroimaging modalities, electroencephalogram tests (recording of brain activity) or psychometric tests will make the diagnosis. Instead you'll need to undergo a thorough medical evaluation, including a physical and psychiatric history, and a structured interview," says Dr Liebenberg. If possible, family members, partners or close friends will be interviewed about your childhood behaviour, family and developmental history, current behaviour and symptoms.
Where can I get support if I have ADHD? SADAG has a toll-free ADHD line aimed at assisting those affected by ADHD. The helpline number is 0800 55 44 33.
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| By Mandisa Dlamini, Health Systems Trust Communications Assistant, and Antoinette Stafford Cloete, Health Systems Trust Communications Manager  
Abodunrin and colleagues, wrote in 2023, that oral diseases place a substantial burden on public health. About 3.5 billion people globally suffer from various forms of oral diseases surpassing the figures for the top five non-communicable diseases by almost a billion cases. Oral diseases can affect your ability to speak, smile, taste and digest your food and often leads to the most incredible pain. The sad part is that oral diseases are, for the most part, preventable. Although not explicitly stated as a sustainable development goal (SDG), it does have multiple connections to many others and needs to be considered as a part of how the other SDGs reduce the global burden of disease. For this to happen a huge investment of funding needs to be made on public as well as private dental care. In South Africa, the public health system struggles with adequately resourcing its facilities with the necessary human resources to service communities in terms of health promotion and education (the preventive side) as well as tertiary interventions where teeth may need a higher level intervention such as extraction. The worst case scenario are cancers related to the oral cavities. Beyond simply having a beautiful smile, dental health is an essential part of general health and wellbeing. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing gum disease, tooth decay, poor breath, and other dental issues. It also has a big impact on preventing more severe health issues like diabetes and heart disease, which are related to not getting adequate dental care.
The Importance of Oral Hygiene Maintaining good dental hygiene is essential to your general wellbeing and standard of living. You can prevent oral health problems, enhance general wellbeing, and improve your body's health by upholding healthy dental habits. Gum disease and cavities can be avoided with regular dental examinations, brushing, and flossing. Oral bacteria quickly pass into the bloodstream, and saliva can travel to the lungs in tiny droplets, carrying bacteria from the mouth. This shows they can bypass the epiglottis; the flap that usually prevents saliva from entering the lower respiratory tract. Neglecting dental care can result in infections that can cause more serious problems like heart disease, lung infections, and issues from diabetes.
Lack of Awareness A lack of awareness about the importance of oral hygiene continues to contribute to significant public health challenges. This problem impacts people's health, but because preventable oral problems are becoming more common, it also puts a strain on healthcare systems. Oral health is not prioritised in the same way as other health issues in many communities. This is particularly true in poor neighbourhoods where there is a lack of access to dental care and a financial barrier to treatment. Dental care is sometimes seen in these societies as a luxury as opposed to a need.
Essential Habits for Maintaining Good Oral Hygiene An antibacterial mouthwash that helps reduce bacteria and freshen your breath, daily flossing to clean in-between teeth and under the gum line where a toothbrush cannot reach, brushing your teeth at least twice a day with toothpaste to remove plaque and prevent cavities, and routine dental check-ups and cleanings at the dentist are all important components of maintaining good oral hygiene. To further preserve your teeth and gums, remain hydrated, stay away from sugary foods and beverages, and, if your dentist advises it, think about using a fluoride rinse or gel. Enhancing general health and quality of life is the goal of national oral health, not only keeping a gorgeous smile. We can encourage improved oral health for everyone by removing obstacles to care, increasing public knowledge of the value of good oral hygiene practices, and putting in place efficient public health regulations. To find out more about National Oral Health , visit the https://www.who.int/health-topics/oral-health#tab=tab_1
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| By Reu'el McAllister Singh (Communications Intern)
Each day, countless individuals battling with leukaemia encounter an important moment when their sole survival hinges on a bone marrow transplant. Whilst some patients are fortunate enough to find compatible matches within their families, many must turn to the broader community to locate a suitable donor. Given the wide range of potential tissue types, the possibility of identifying an exact match can be as rare as 1 in 100 000.
What is Leukaemia and Bone Marrow Transplant?
Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterised by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells. There are several types of leukaemia, including acute and chronic forms, which vary in their speed of progression and treatment approaches. Globally, leukaemia impacts approximately 300 000 individuals each year.
A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure used to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy marrow from a donor. It involves infusing stem cells from a donor into the bloodstream of the patient to help regenerate healthy blood cells. This procedure is often used to treat conditions like myeloma, lymphoma, and other blood disorders.
Why You Need To Know About Bone Marrow Transplants When conventional treatments fail, bone marrow transplants are crucial for treating serious conditions like leukaemia, lymphoma, and other blood disorders. They offer a chance for recovery by replacing damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Understanding this procedure can be life-saving, as it may provide an option for those with otherwise limited treatment choices. When Is a Bone Marrow Transplant Necessary?
A bone marrow transplant is necessary when a person's bone marrow is seriously damaged. The procedure may also be used to replace diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells after high-dose treatments. It's a critical option when the disease has not responded to conventional therapies or when there is a need for a fresh source of healthy blood cells. Awareness about bone marrow transplants also highlights the importance of donor registries and the impact one donation can have on multiple lives. How can I Become a donor?
Becoming a donor is a simple process. Organisations such as DKMS Africa and the South African Bone Marrow Registry (SABMR) are dedicated to expanding their donor pools. It's as simple as registering to have your profile entered into the database. SABMR will screen and enlist health information of donors between the ages of 16 – 45. Creating your tissue type profile is done via a simple cheek swab. If your profile shows a potential match, you'll be contacted by a medical professional for further health checks and be advised on how to become a transplant donor.
Becoming a transplant donor is a sincere act of kindness that can offer someone a second chance at life. After the donation process is complete, your role as a donor ends, but the impact of your kindness remains significant. A simple registration can lead to life-saving results, highlighting the importance of each donor's contribution. Your heroic contributions through support and participation is the key to finding matches and saving lives. Create a Donor Profile today, visit: www.sabmr.co.za – 021 447 8638 www.dkms-africa.org – 021 701 0661
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| by Siyabonga Gema (Communications Officer)
One of the biggest challenges faced by the South African public health system is the issue of HIV prevalence among youth and adolescents. The ongoing unemployment crisis plaguing the youth makes them more vulnerable to HIV and other health challenges, including mental health. In response to this, Health Systems Trust (HST), in partnership with the Department of Health, provides psychosocial services to communities and deploys Peer Mentors who provide facility-based psychosocial support for paediatric and adolescent patients. Let's first unpack the role of Peer Mentors The key role of Peer Mentors is to provide adherence support to children living with HIV. They are responsible for patient education on HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART): treatment literacy to children and caregivers; adherence counselling sessions; and basic psychosocial support to children on HIV medication. This support is intensified for children with an unsuppressed viral load, as Peer Mentors closely monitor the children's treatment journey. They identify social barriers that hinder viral load suppression and intervene through psychosocial assessment; refer patients to other partners/stakeholders within the facility and the community to ensure that they receive a comprehensive package of care; and offer enhanced adherence counselling. This holistic approach looks not only at the child but also at her or his family and community, as some factors that impede viral load suppression emanate from these structures. The Peer Mentors also support the implementation of support groups/adherence clubs and Family Care Days in the facilities. They ensure that paediatric and adolescent patients who come to the facility receive premium care through calling to remind them about their appointment dates; pre-pulling their files before they arrive; and fast-queueing them so that they don't wait in line longer than they have to. HST's Peer Mentor based in eThekwini District, Nosipho Ngcobo, joined HST in February this year. Nosipho recently sat down with us and shed some light on her work. Give us a brief description of what your job entails. As a Peer Mentor, my job at the facility entails playing the role of a 'friend', 'coach' and 'companion' to the youth in my community who are living with HIV and other comorbidities. Realising the gap among the youth in adhering to treatment brought about the need for a peer or a 'buddy' who will encourage and support our youth to sticking to treatment. So as their 'friend', my duty is to provide treatment literacy and adherence support to them in the facility. Over and above this, my role as a Peer Mentor is to deliver psychosocial support to promote positive health-seeking behaviours, and to provide education on sexual and reproductive health (SRH). My role also extends to carrying out HIV Testing Services (HTS), tracking and tracing paediatric and adolescent patients and linking them back to care. Facilitating the HIV disclosure process to the 0‒24-year age group as well as facilitating adherence support groups are some of the very important duties that I have as a Peer Mentor. All of these tasks are aligned with the 95% cascade which is designed to ensure that 95% of people living with HIV and on treatment are virally suppressed. What led you to taking up this profession? I believe that having a Bachelor's Degree in Social Work was one of the advantages that afforded me the opportunity to be part of Youth Employment Services. Growing up in a community faced with various health, political and psychosocial issues fostered my desire and passion to enrol in a Social Work degree. Growing up, I wanted to be a change agent for vulnerable children who were and still are neglected, and to help them reconstruct their lives and advocate for a positive and healthy life. This mindset has helped me to become part of this year's Peer Mentor team. What training did you have to undergo for this role? Special thanks goes to my employer, HST, for providing us as Peer Mentors with the necessary skills and knowledge through training and certifications that are necessary to fulfil the duties of a Peer Mentor. We were provided with the following training and certification: - Staying in Care for U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) Conversation Map Facilitators Training
- National RTCQI (Rapid Test Continuous Quality Improvement) course-quizzes and Assessment Certificate
- HIV Testing and Counselling Certificate
- Foundations of Working with Children, Disclosure, HTS and Adherence Certificate (the KidzAlive programme created by Zoë-Life).
- Kids Adherence Support Group Certificate (also part of the Zoë-Life KidzAlive programme).
How has this training assisted you in executing your tasks? These trainings have been of enormous help in executing the daily tasks of a Peer Mentor in the facility. Firstly, the 'Staying in Care U=U Conversation Map' training for Facilitators helped us to understand the kind of communities that we as Peer Mentors would be exposed to and to understand how our role as Peer Mentors is aligned with the third 95 of the cascade. This training has also given us in the necessary skills for spreading the word of 'Undetectable = Untransmissable' (U=U). Secondly, the HIV Testing and Counselling Certificate has verified that we are competent to carry out HIV testing and counselling services in our facilities. Lastly, the 'Foundations of Working with Children' Certificate has equipped us with the necessary skills and knowledge for working with children who are living with HIV, and also the Zoë-Life KidzAlive Adherence Support Group training showed us how to facilitate an Adherence Support Group. I am grateful for the training provided by HST. This will open doors to new possibilities. What more can be done to identify individuals or families in need of your services? I believe that engaging more with the community can help in identifying individuals or families in need of our services. Awareness programmes, dialogues and educational talks in the community can help to bring our community closer to the facility, and a needs assessment can be done there to identify whether a person needs psychosocial support services, adherence support services, or referral to other stakeholders where needed. What gives you motivation to render your services, even when you encounter challenges? I have an unwavering passion for helping children to overcome even unthinkable circumstances. I believe that even on a tough day filled with hiccups, putting a smile on a child's face and leaving a positive mark on their lives is what motivates me to render these services.
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| By Phumula Mudau (Communications Intern)
Climate change has emerged as one of today's most important challenges, affecting all aspects of life on Earth, including human health. People throughout the world are dealing with health issues that have been exacerbated by shifting climate conditions. Despite continued efforts to counteract climate change, the effects on health are becoming more apparent. Every year, climate-related health conditions claim lives and seriously disrupt the well-being of countless others. Recognising the substantial impact of climate change on health This subject emphasises the important need for immediate action to prevent climate change and the critical link between a healthy planet and healthy people. Direct Effects of Climate Change on Health As extreme weather events increase in frequency and severity, the direct health effects of climate change are increasingly noticeable. Heat-related diseases, injuries, and deaths are being caused by heatwaves, floods, and hurricanes. Because of rising pollution levels and wildfires, the quality of the air is declining, which is aggravating respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. To protect the public's health, prompt and efficient responses to these direct effects are essential. The indirect effects of climate change on health In addition to its direct effects, climate change has unintended consequences for health. The range of disease-carrying vectors, such as mosquitoes, is growing due to climate change, which is increasing the occurrence of diseases like malaria and dengue fever. Changes in weather patterns impact crop production, leading to food scarcity and malnourishment, so posing a danger to food security. Public health systems are further burdened by variations in water availability and quality, which raise the risk of waterborne illnesses. Health Effects of Social and Economic Factors The impact of climate change on society and the economy is significant when it comes to health. Disease outbreaks are more likely a result of crowded living circumstances, inadequate sanitation, and restricted access to treatment caused by migration and displacement brought on by climate change. A negative impact is also seen on mental health with anxiety, sadness, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being exacerbated by the stress and trauma caused by climate catastrophes. Extreme weather can also harm healthcare facilities, which makes it difficult to provide basic medical care in an emergency.
Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation Implementing comprehensive measures is necessary to mitigate the health implications of climate change. It is crucial to implement public health policies that lower greenhouse gas emissions and get ready for the effects of climate change. People can better adapt to changing climates by creating resilient communities through infrastructural upgrades and educational initiatives. To comprehend the effects of climate change on health and create effective solutions, ongoing research and monitoring are essential.
Encouraging Conscience and Initiative Campaigns to raise public awareness of the negative effects of climate change on health are essential for motivating people to take preventative action. Through the "Healthy Planet, Healthy Lives" campaign, which aims to promote awareness in communities most vulnerable to climate impacts, the Global Climate and Health Alliance is taking major initiatives to close the information gap. We may bring about significant change by advancing knowledge and cultivating an attitude of environmental responsibility.
In addition to saving lives now, addressing the health effects of climate change can ensure future generations have a healthier future. A single action can make a big difference in the health of the world, whether it's raising awareness, lowering carbon emissions, or supporting climate-friendly legislation. Promoting increased awareness and dedication to addressing climate change is essential. Together, by promoting dialogue, increasing knowledge, and acting decisively, we can safeguard both our health and the environment.
To find out more about the impact of climate change on global health, visit the Global Climate and Health Alliance.
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Donating organs is a life-saving medical treatment that has been around for a long time. People all over the world suffer from serious illnesses that are only curable with an organ transplant. The demand for organs continues to outpace the supply even with the substantial advancements in transplant operations brought about by technology. The unselfishness of donors and their families saves and transforms hundreds of lives annually. We can all help to give the gift of life by realising the huge difference that organ donation can make. This year's Organ Donor Month theme is "Be the Reason for Someone's Smile Today". This theme raises awareness of the critical need for more organ donors and emphasises the vital role that organ donation plays in saving lives. The Organ Donation Procedure The organ donation procedure is to identify possible donors, usually through hospital medical exams. A person's fitness for organ donation, including the state of their organs is evaluated once they have been identified as brain dead. Consent is required from the donor or their family, if applicable. To ensure that the organs stay healthy for transplantation, a medical team carefully removes them in a sterile environment. Transplant facilities receive the donated organs once they have been matched with patients according to medical standards. In the end, this process saves lives by increasing the likelihood of successful transplants by guaranteeing that the organs are as viable as possible. Obstacles in Organ Donation There is a serious shortage of organ donors with a major gap between the number of recipients and the supply of donors. There are many common misunderstandings regarding organ donation such as the idea that it is only appropriate for specific age groups or that it may cause problems with medical care. In reality, medical experts prioritise saving lives through treatment before considering organ donation and the donations are accepted regardless of age or health state. Encouraging Organ Donation Through addressing misconceptions about organ donation, educating the public, and inspiring people to take action, awareness programmes play a critical role in increasing the number of registered donors. The Organ Donor Foundation is taking the first step toward removing cultural barriers and increasing the rates of organ donor consent by introducing the ULUNTU Awareness Campaign in communities that are at risk. The high rate of organ failure and the possible need for a lifesaving transplant are not well known to the public in vulnerable communities because there are currently no official initiatives in place to educate people about organ transplantation. Giving an organ can be a lifeline for individuals in times of crisis as well as a symbol of hope and humanity. In addition to the beneficiary, a single donation has a major effect on families, communities, and beyond. Promoting greater awareness of and dedication to this life-saving procedure is essential. Together, we can save more lives and create a culture that is stronger and generous by promoting conversations, raising awareness, and registering as an organ donor. To find out more about organ donation, visit the Organ Donation Foundation
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| By Siyabonga Gema (HST Communications Officer)
Every year in August, South Africa celebrates Women's Month, which culminates with Women's Day being observed on 9 August. This day marks the events of 9 August 1956 when South African women across all racial groups challenged the then segregational Pass Law that was imposed by the Apartheid government. The courage and determination that the group of over 20 000 women demonstrated still resonates with women all over South Africa today. The dawn of democracy brought many changes in this country, opening doors to new possibilities and prospects, particularly for the previously oppressed. With these changes come new challenges, which again call on our collective efforts to overcome them. The South African health sector has continued to grapple with the scourge of the HIV epidemic. According to the Sixth South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, and Behaviour survey (SABSSM VI), HIV prevalence was nearly twice as high among women (20%) compared to men (12%) in 2022. Furthermore, the 2022 survey states that HIV prevalence was the highest among black Africans (20%), followed by Coloureds (5%), and lowest among Whites and Indian/Asian people (1% each). The continued efforts to curb HIV, propelled by the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets, have given rise to many programmes aimed at empowering women and young girls, giving them a voice and helping them take charge of their lives and their health. Gender inequality is still a challenge for women and is a major hurdle in accessing services. The United Nations Women (UN Women) says that gender inequality contributes to the spread of HIV. It can increase infection rates, and reduce the ability of women and girls to cope with the epidemic. Often, they have less information about HIV and fewer resources to take preventive measures. UN Women addresses this by bringing gender equality and human rights perspectives to its work on women and HIV and AIDS through spearheading strategies that make clear links to factors propelling the epidemic, such as gender-based violence, denial of legal rights and women's limited participation in decision making. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), women and girls face unacceptably high levels of violence rooted in gender inequality and are at grave risk of harmful practices such as female genital mutilation, and child, early and forced marriage. WHO figures show that about 1 in 3 women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime. Harmful gender norms, such as toxic masculinity, which refers to a range of offensive, damaging attitudes, inclinations, and actions that have their roots in traditional male roles but are carried to an extreme are one of the biggest enablers of gender inequality, especially in traditional and cultural settings. These, and a myriad of other challenges, continue to be prevalent despite many interventions. Women's access to healthcare in the face of HIV and AIDS and other diseases calls on a concerted effort from all role players and sectors of society. In recognition of this need, the Health Systems Trust's Cervical Cancer Prevention, Access and Control (CCPAC) Project aims to address the challenge of high cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and focuses on education and awareness, improving access to early screening, diagnosis, treatment and palliative services for cervical cancer in the Zululand district in KwaZulu-Natal. For more information on what we do and the programmes that support women at the HIV interface do consult our website, www.hst.org.za
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